The mandarin (chinese) parts of speech are:
Note: Pattern is as follows:
- traditional mandarin (simplified mandarin; english)
- doubling a noun means for every
- 人人 = every one
- 天天 = every day
- postfix 们 means plural; but only when plural is not clear:
- 老师 = Teacher (singular)
- 老师们 = Teachers (plural)
- 五个老师 = 5 Teacher (plural; no need for the postfix)
作主语 / Noun as subject[edit]
北京 |
是 |
中国 |
的 |
首都
|
north capital (Beijing) |
is |
center nation (China) |
of |
capital
|
The capital city of the north (Beijing) is the capital city of the whole center nation (China).
|
夏 |
天 |
热
|
Summer |
sky |
hot
|
In Summer it is hot.
|
西边 |
是 |
操场
|
west direction |
is |
sport field
|
On the west side is the sportfield.
|
老师 |
给 |
我们 |
上 |
课
|
teacher |
give |
me (plural) |
first |
lesson
|
The teacher gives us the first lesson
|
作宾语 / Noun as object[edit]
小云 |
看 |
书
|
Xiaoyun |
watch/read |
book
|
Xiaoyun reads a book
|
现 |
在是 |
五 |
点
|
now |
existing is |
five |
point (o'clock)
|
Now it is five o'clock.
|
我们 |
家 |
在 |
东边
|
me (plural) |
furniture (house) |
located/exists |
east direction
|
Our house is located in the east.
|
我 |
写 |
作业
|
I |
write |
do study
|
I write my homework.
|
作定语 / Noun as Attribute[edit]
这 |
是 |
中国 |
瓷器
|
This |
is |
China |
chinaware/porcelain tool
|
This is a chinese porcelain tool.
|
我 |
喜欢 |
夏天 |
的 |
夜晚
|
I |
be happy |
summer sky |
of |
night evening
|
I like summer's evening/night sky.
|
英语 |
语法 |
比 |
较简 |
气色
|
English language |
tell method |
comparatively |
complexion
|
The english grammar is comparatively complex.
|
妈妈的 |
衣服 |
在 |
那儿
|
Mama's |
clothes |
located/exists |
there
|
Mother's dress is there.
|
Noun as adverbial adjunct[edit]
Only applies to time nouns and location nouns.
我们 |
晚上 |
上课
|
me (plural) |
evening (attend; in the) |
(attend; join) lesson
|
We have a lesson in the evening.
|
您 |
里边 |
请
|
you (formal) |
inside (as noun) |
please (to invite)
|
Come in please.
|
我们 |
外边 |
谈
|
me (plural) |
outside (as noun) |
speak/talk
|
Let us talk outside.
|
- 我 = I, me
- 我的 = mine
- 我們 = we, us
- 你 = you, your
- 他 = he, him, she, her
- 他們 = they
Note: 其 is used to express his, her, its, theirs, that, such, it
- 別人 (别人; other people; others; other person)
- 大家 (大家; authority; everyone)
- 各 (各; each; every)
- 另 (另; other; another; separate; separately)
- 那 (那; how; which)
- 那兒 (那儿; there)
- 那樣 (那样; that kind; that sort)
- 你 (你; you)
- 你們 (你们; you (plural))
- 您 (您; you (formal))
- 其他 (其他; other; else)
- 其餘 (其馀; the rest; the other)
- 他 (他; he; him)
- 它 (它; it)
- 她 (她; she)
- 他們 (他们; they)
- 我 (我; I; me; myself)
- 我們 (我们; we; us; ourselves)
- 有的 (有的; (there are) some (who are...); some (exist))
- 咱們 (咱们; we (including the person spoken to))
- 這 (这; this; these)
- 這個 (这个; this)
- 這裡 (这里; here)
- 這麼 (这么; so (much); like this)
- 這些 (这些; these)
- 這樣 (这样; this (kind of, sort of); this way; such; like this; such)
- 這 (这; this; these)
- 這兒 (这儿; here)
- 自己 (自己; self; (reflexive pronoun); own)
作谓语 / Verb as predicate[edit]
我 |
站 |
在 |
长城 |
上
|
I |
stand |
at |
constant wall (Great Wall) |
top
|
I am standing on the top of the Great Wall
|
作主语 / Verb as subject[edit]
浪费 |
可耻
|
(to) waste |
disgraceful
|
Waste is disgraceful.
|
比赛 |
结束 |
了
|
competition |
ended |
(completely finished)
|
The competition ended.
|
作定语 / Verb as attribute[edit]
- 的 must be added to a verb used as an attributive
你 |
有 |
吃的 |
东西 |
吗?
|
You |
have |
eat of |
east west (things/something) |
(question)
|
Do you have something 'to eat?
|
他 |
说的 |
话 |
很 |
正确
|
He |
persuade (politically) of |
speak |
very |
correct
|
He persuades by speaking correct. (He is saying the truth)
|
作宾语 / Verb as object[edit]
我 |
喜欢 |
学习
|
I |
like |
study
|
I like studying
|
我们 |
十点 |
结束了 |
讨论
|
me (plural) |
10 o'clock |
finally finished |
discussion
|
We finished the discussion at 10 o'clock.
|
作补语 / Verb as complement[edit]
我 |
听 |
得 |
懂
|
I |
listen |
proper |
understand
|
I hear and understand properly. (I understand)
|
他 |
看 |
不 |
见
|
He |
watch/guard |
not |
see
|
He (watches for but) can't see it.
|
作状语 / Verb as adverbial adjunct[edit]
- 地 (-ly) must be added to a verb used as an adverbial adjunct:
他 |
父母 |
热情地 |
接待 |
了 |
我
|
He/His |
father & mother (parents) |
hot feeling (enthusiasticly) |
receive |
(past) |
me
|
His parents welcomed me (warm and) enthusiasticly.
|
学生们 |
认真地 |
听 |
老师 |
讲 |
课
|
study life (living student; plural) |
seriously |
listen |
teacher |
talk |
subject
|
The students are seriously listening to the teacher (while the teacher talks about a subject).
|
Important cases[edit]
- Chinese verbs have no morphological change. Ie. 是 refers to each of "am", "is", "was", "are", "do", "did", etc.
- The particle 着 is suffixed to a verb to emphasize the present. (I am in Beijing)
- The particle 了 is suffixed to a verb to emphasize the past. (I was in Beijing)
- The particle 过 is suffixed to a verb to emphasize the past with special stress. (I have been to Beijing)
辅助动词 / Auxiliary verb[edit]
- express capability:
- 能 = can, may, capable, able
- 能够 = capable, able to
- 会 = can, possible, able to, assemble
- expressing possibility:
- 能 = can, may, capable, able
- 能够 = capable of; able to
- 会 = can, possible, able to, assemble
- 可以 = can, may, possible, able to
- 可能 = might (happen), possible, probable, possibility, probability
- express necessity by reason:
- 应该 = ought to, should, must
- 应当 = should, ought to
- 该 = that, the above-mentioned, most likely, deserve, should, ought to, owe
- 要 = demand, ask, request, coerce
- express obligation:
- 必须 = have to, must
- 得 = obtain, get, gain, proper, suitable, proud, contented, allow, permit, ready, finished
- express willingness:
- 要 = demand, ask, request, coerce
- 想 = think, believe, suppose, wish, want, miss
- 愿意 = wish, want, ready, willing
- 敢 = dare
- 肯 = agree, consent, being ready, willing
- 必須 (必须; to have to; must)
- 得 (得; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility)
- 得 (得; to have to; must; ought to; to need to)
- 該 (该; that; the above-mentioned; most likely; to deserve; should; ought to; owe)
- 會 (会; can; be possible; be able to; to assemble; to meet; to gather; to see; union; group; association)
- 可能 (可能; might (happen); possible; probable; possibility; probability)
- 可以 (可以; can; may; possible; able to)
- 能 (能; can; may; capable; energy; able)
- 想 (想; to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss)
- 要 (要; important; vital; to want; to be going to; must)
- 應該 (应该; ought to; should; must)
- 願意 (愿意; to wish; to want; ready; willing (to do sth))
- 準備 (准备; preparation; prepare)
- describe shape:
- 大 = big, huge, large, major, great, wide, deep, oldest, eldest
- 小 = small, tiny, few, young
- 高 = high, tall
- 矮 = short (not tall)
- 红 = bonus, popular, red, revolutionary
- 绿 = green, chlorine
- 齐 = even
- 美丽 = beautiful
- describe property or quality:
- 好 = good, well
- 坏 = good, well
- 冷 = cold
- 热 = warm, hot
- 对 = right (not false)
- 错 = uneven, wrong, false
- 正确 = correct, proper
- 伟大 = great, mighty, large
- 优秀 = outstanding, excellent
- 严重 = grave, serious, severe, critical
- describe the state of movement or action:
- 快 = fast, quick, swift
- 慢 = slow
- 紧张 = nervous, keyed up, intense, tense, strained, scarce
- 流利 = fluent
- 认真 = earnest, serious
- 熟练 = practiced, proficient, skilled, skillful
- 残酷 = cruel
Examples
Traditional |
Simplified |
Definition
|
矮 |
矮
|
short (not tall)
|
棒 |
棒
|
fantastic; a stick; club or cudgel; smart; capable; strong
|
薄 |
薄
|
thin; slight
|
彆扭 |
别扭
|
awkward; uncomfortable
|
不錯 |
不错
|
correct; right; not bad; pretty good
|
不同 |
不同
|
different; distinct; not the same; not alike
|
曾經 |
曾经
|
once; at one time; (refers to something that happened previously)
|
潮濕 |
潮湿
|
damp; moist
|
趁早 |
趁早
|
(do) while you can
|
純棉 |
纯棉
|
pure cotton
|
粗 |
粗
|
coarse; rough; thick; unfinished; vulgar; rude; crude
|
大 |
大
|
big; huge; large; major; great; wide; deep; oldest; eldest
|
單 |
单
|
bill; list; form; single; only; sole
|
倒黴 |
倒霉
|
bad luck
|
動不動就 |
动不动就
|
to do something too readily
|
多葉 |
多叶
|
leafy
|
分明 |
分明
|
clearly demarcated; sharply contoured
|
干 |
干
|
dry; to concern; shield
|
乾巴巴 |
乾巴巴
|
dry and dull
|
高 |
高
|
high; tall
|
高速 |
高速
|
high speed
|
高興 |
高兴
|
happy; glad; willing (to do sth); in a cheerful mood
|
更別說 |
更别说
|
let alone; to say nothing of
|
公共 |
公共
|
public; common (use)
|
夠 |
够
|
to reach; to be enough
|
慣 |
惯
|
accustomed to; used to
|
廣 |
广
|
wide; numerous; to spread
|
貴 |
贵
|
expensive; noble; your (name); precious
|
好 |
好
|
good; well
|
好吃 |
好吃
|
tasty; delicious
|
好喝 |
好喝
|
good to drink
|
好看 |
好看
|
good-looking
|
好玩 |
好玩
|
fun
|
好笑 |
好笑
|
funny
|
盒裝的 |
盒装的
|
boxed
|
黑 |
黑
|
black; dark
|
紅 |
红
|
bonus; popular; red; revolutionary
|
滑 |
滑
|
to slide; slippery; smooth; comical; cunning
|
壞 |
坏
|
bad
|
黃 |
黄
|
(surname); sulfur; yellow
|
基本 |
基本
|
basic; fundamental; main
|
激動 |
激动
|
to excite; to agitate; exciting
|
急 |
急
|
hurried; worried
|
急躁 |
急躁
|
irritable; irascible; impetuous
|
淺 |
浅
|
shallow
|
簡單 |
简单
|
simple; not complicated
|
近 |
近
|
near; close (to); approximately
|
開朗 |
开朗
|
outgoing and cheerful; (adj) well lit; suddenly become bright and clear; (adj)carefree; without worry
|
渴 |
渴
|
thirsty
|
可愛 |
可爱
|
amiable; cute; lovely
|
可怕 |
可怕
|
awful; dreadful; fearful; formidable; frightful; hideous; horrible; terrible; terribly
|
客氣 |
客气
|
polite
|
空 |
空
|
air; sky; empty; in vain
|
苦 |
苦
|
bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
|
酷 |
酷
|
cool; ruthless; strong (as of wine)
|
快樂 |
快乐
|
happy; merry
|
辣 |
辣
|
hot (spicy); pungent
|
藍 |
蓝
|
blue
|
老 |
老
|
(a prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family to indicate affection or familiar
|
累 |
累
|
tired; implicate
|
冷 |
冷
|
cold
|
理想 |
理想
|
ideal
|
厲害 |
厉害
|
terrible; formidable
|
涼快 |
凉快
|
nice and cold; pleasantly cool
|
流利 |
流利
|
fluent
|
綠 |
绿
|
green; chlorine
|
囉嗦 |
罗嗦
|
repetitious; fuzzy
|
慢 |
慢
|
slow
|
忙 |
忙
|
busy
|
美 |
美
|
beautiful; America
|
美式 |
美式
|
American style
|
悶 |
闷
|
smother; stuffy
|
模仿 |
模仿
|
to imitate; to copy
|
拿手 |
拿手
|
expert in; good at
|
男 |
男
|
male
|
難 |
难
|
difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
|
難受 |
难受
|
feel unwell; suffer pain
|
難聽 |
难听
|
(of words) ugly
|
嫩 |
嫩
|
tender; soft
|
女 |
女
|
female; woman
|
暖和 |
暖和
|
warm; nice and warm
|
胖 |
胖
|
fat; plump
|
便宜 |
便宜
|
inexpensive
|
片面 |
片面
|
unilateral; one-sided
|
漂亮 |
漂亮
|
pretty; beautiful
|
其他的 |
其他的
|
other
|
勤儉 |
勤俭
|
hardworking and thrifty
|
清 |
清
|
clear; distinct; complete; pure
|
軽 |
軽
|
light; easy, simple; gentle
|
清楚 |
清楚
|
clear; clearly understood; distinct
|
清淡 |
清淡
|
light; bland
|
情愛 |
情爱
|
dear; beloved
|
熱 |
热
|
heat; to heat up; fervent; hot (of weather); warm up
|
容易 |
容易
|
easy; likely; liable (to)
|
軟 |
软
|
soft; flexible
|
沙啞 |
沙哑
|
hoarse
|
少 |
少
|
few; little; lack
|
深 |
深
|
deep; profound
|
瘦 |
瘦
|
tight; thin; lean
|
舒服 |
舒服
|
comfortable
|
帥 |
帅
|
handsome; commander-in-chief; to command
|
素 |
素
|
plain
|
酸 |
酸
|
sour; sore; ache; acid
|
甜 |
甜
|
sweet
|
挑剔 |
挑剔
|
fastidious, picky
|
通情達理 |
通情达理
|
understanding and reasonable
|
團團轉 |
团团转
|
busy, (literally, "running around in circles")
|
晚 |
晚
|
evening; night; late
|
鹹 |
咸
|
salty
|
香 |
香
|
fragrant; incense; (of food) savory; appetizing; sweet; scented; popular
|
詳細 |
详细
|
detailed; in detail; minute
|
小 |
小
|
small; tiny; few; young
|
小康 |
小康
|
relative comfortable life
|
新 |
新
|
meso- (chem.); new; newly
|
新婚 |
新婚
|
newly married
|
辛苦 |
辛苦
|
hard; exhausting; with much toil
|
癢 |
痒
|
itch
|
一樣 |
一样
|
same; like; equal to; the same as; just like
|
陰 |
阴
|
(of weather) overcast; Yin; feminine; moon; cloudy; negative (electric.); shady
|
用功 |
用功
|
diligent; industrious (in one's studies)
|
油 |
油
|
oil; sly
|
遠 |
远
|
far; distant; remote
|
遠遠地 |
远远地
|
from a distance
|
在世 |
在世
|
be livng; exist
|
糟糕 |
糟糕
|
too bad; how terrible; what bad luck; terrible; bad
|
早 |
早
|
early; morning
|
窄 |
窄
|
narrow
|
中 |
中
|
within; among; in; middle; center; while (doing sth); during; China; Chinese
|
重 |
重
|
heavy; serious
|
醉 |
醉
|
intoxicated
|
嘆詞 / Interjection[edit]
- 哎 = hey, lookout, why, etc.
- 唉 = realization or agreement (yes, oh, right, etc.)
- 啊 = express doubt or question; show realization or stress; surprise; oh; ah
- 啊呀 = oh
- 喂 = hello, feed (someone or some animal), hey, telephone greeting
- 哟 = Oh; sound made when expressing surprise; (idiom) used at end of sentence as an exclamation
- 呜呜 = boo hoo
- 啧 = admiration or disgust
- 噫 = approval, belch
- 嗳 = disapproval
- 嗳 = regret
- 嚄 = surprise
- 讵 = surprise
- 愚人節快樂 = April Fool!
- 繄 = sighing sound
- 咍 = happy, sound of laughter
- 哼 = contempt
- 哎呀 = wonder, shock or admiration
- 哼 = contempt
联 / Conjunction[edit]
- 不但...而且 (不但...而且; not only... but also...)
- 不過 (不过; only; merely; no more than; but; however; only)
- 除非 (除非; only if (..., or otherwise, ...); only if; only when; only in the case that)
- 除了...以外 (除了...以外; besides, apart from (... also...), in addition to, except (for))
- 但是 (但是; but; however)
- 否則 (否则; if not; otherwise; else; or else)
- 跟 (跟; to follow; to go with; heel; with; and)
- 還是 (还是; or; still; nevertheless)
- 還有 (还有; also, in addition)
- 和 (和; and; together with; with; peace; harmony; union)
- 或 (或; maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or)
- 或者 (或者; or; possibly; maybe; perhaps)
- 既然 (既然; since; as; this being the case)
- 可是 (可是; but; however)
- 另外 (另外; additional; in addition; besides; separate; other; moreover; furthermore)
- 那 (那; that; those)
- 那麼 (那么; so (much); like that; in that way)
- 如果 (如果; if; in case; in the event that)
- 雖然 (虽然; although; even though)
- 所以 (所以; therefore; as a result)
- 為了 (为了; in order to; for the purpose of; so as to)
- 無論 (无论; no matter what, how; regardless of whether...)
- 要不然 (要不然; otherwise; or else; or)
- 要麼...要麼 要么...要么; if it's not A, it's B; either...or...)
- 要是...就 (要是...就; if...then...)
- 要是 (要是; if)
- 以及 (以及; as well as; too; and)
- 因為 (因为; because; owing to; on account of)
- 於是 (於是; thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence)
- 越來越 (越来越; more and more)
- 再說 (再说; what's more; besides)
- 至於 (至於; go so far as to; as for; as to)
量词 / Measure Word[edit]
- 把 (把; (a measure word); (marker for direct-object); to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of))
- 班 (班; team; class; rank; squad; a work shift; (a measure word for regularly scheduled transportation services); (a surname))
- 幫 (帮; to assist; to support; to help; group; gang; party)
- 磅 (磅; a measure word; pound (unit of measurement); scale; weigh)
- 包 (包; to cover; to wrap; to hold; to include; to take charge of; package; wrapper; container; bag; to hold or embrace; bundle; packet; to contract (to or for))
- 杯 (杯; cup; a measure word)
- 本 (本; roots or stems of plants; origin; source; this; the current; root; foundation; basis; (a measure word))
- 部 (部; ministry; department; section; part; division; troops; board; (a measure word); (a measure word for works of literature, films, machines, etc.))
- 冊 (册; book (a measure word for books); booklet)
- 層 (层; a measure word for layers; laminated; repeated; floor; story (of a building); layer)
- 場 (场; a courtyard; open space; place; field; a measure word; (a measure word, used for sport or recreation))
- 尺 (尺; a Chinese foot (M); Chinese musical note; a ruler)
- 呎 (呎; foot (English))
- 出 (出; to go out; to come out; to occur; to produce; to go beyond; to rise; to put forth; to occur; to happen; (a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas))
- 串 (串; to string together; to mix up; to conspire; to connect; (a measure word); string)
- 床 (床; bed; couch; (a measure word))
- 幢 (幢; (measure word for houses); tents)
- 次 (次; nth; number (of times); order; sequence; next; second(ary); (measure word))
- 簇 (簇; crowded; frame work for silkworms; gather foliage; a measure word; bunch)
- 寸 (寸; a unit of length; inch; thumb)
- 道 (道; direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; method; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk)
- 點 (点; (downwards-right convex character stroke); o'clock; (a measure word); point; dot; (decimal) point))
- 點兒 (点儿; a little)
- 點鐘 (点钟; (indicating time of day) o'clock)
- 頂 (顶; go against; most; peak; top; to replace; to substitute; a measure word (use with "hat"))
- 棟 (栋; roof beam, (measure word for houses))
- 度 (度; capacity; degree; standard)
- 噸 (吨; ton)
- 頓 (顿; a time; jerk; stop; meal; bout; spell; (measure word for meals))
- 朵 (朵; M for flowers)
- 番 (番; (measure word for acts); deeds; foreign)
- 分 (分; to divide; minute; (a measure word); (a unit of length = 0.33 centimeter))
- 份 (份; (a measure word for gifts, copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc.); share; portion; part)
- 封 (封; to confer; to grant; to seal; (a measure word))
- 幅 (幅; (measure word for textile or picture); width; roll)
- 副 (副; secondary; auxiliary; deputy; assistant; vice-; (measure word for a pair))
- 個 (个; (a measure word); individual)
- 根 (根; radical (chem.); root; basis; (a measure word for long, thin objects)
- 公秉 (公秉; kiloliter)
- 公尺 (公尺; meter)
- 公寸 (公寸; decimeter)
- 公撮 (公撮; milliliter)
- 公斗 (公斗; decaliter)
- 公噸 (公吨; ton; metric ton)
- 公分 (公分; centimeter; gram)
- 公斤 (公斤; kilogram)
- 公釐 (公厘; decigram; millimeter)
- 公里 (公里; kilometer)
- 公兩 (公两; hectogram)
- 公頃 (公顷; hectare)
- 公升 (公升; liter)
- 公石 (公石; hectoliter)
- 公引 (公引; hectometer)
- 公丈 (公丈; decameter)
- 股 (股; share; portion; section; part; thigh; (a measure word, e.g. use with electric current); whiff)
- 毫克 (毫克; milligram)
- 毫米 (毫米; millimeter)
- 號 (号; day of a month; (suffix used after) name of a ship; (ordinal) number)
- 盒 (盒; box; case)
- 壺 (壶; pot; (a measure word))
- 回 (回; (a measure word for matters or actions) a time; to circle; to go back; to turn around; to answer; to return; to revolve)
- 嚿 (嚿; (Cant.) a lump; measure word)
- 家 (家; -ist; -er; -ian; home; family; a person engaged in a certain art or profession)
- 加崙 (加仑; gallon)
- 間 (间; between; among; space; (measure word))
- 件 (件; (a measure word for thing; clothes; item)
- 角 (角; angle; horn; horn-shaped)
- 節 (节; festival; section; temperate; point; part)
- 斤 (斤; catty)
- 局 (局; (a measure word used for games) set or round office; situation; office)
- 句 (句; (a measure word, for sentences or lines of verse); sentence)
- 卷 (卷; to roll (up); to sweep up; to carry on)
- 棵 (棵; (measure word for trees, plants))
- 顆 (颗; (measure word for small spheres))
- 克 (克; gram; subdue; to restrain; to overcome)
- 刻 (刻; quarter (hour); (a measure word); to carve; to engrave; to cut; oppressive)
- 口 (口; mouth; (a measure word))
- 塊 (块; yuan (unit of currency); fast (of a watch); swift; rapid; happy; joyful; soon; quick; (a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap); lump)
- 厘克 (厘克; centigram)
- 厘米 (厘米; centimeter)
- 厘升 (厘升; centiliter)
- 哩 (哩; mile)
- 浬 (浬; nautical mile)
- 裡 (里; li, a Chinese unit of length = 1; 2 kilometer; village; within; inside)
- 立方米 (立方米; cubic meter (unit of volume))
- 倆 (俩; (a numeral-measure word) two; both)
- 兩 (两; both; two; ounce; some; a few; tael)
- 輛 (辆; (a measure word for vehicles))
- 列 (列; to arrange; to line up; row; file; series)
- 摞 (摞; pile up)
- 碼 (码; a weight; number; yard; pile; stack)
- 毛 (毛; dime; hair; pore; fur)
- 門 (门; door; gate; field of endeavor)
- 米 (米; (measure word) meter; rice)
- 秒 (秒; (a measure word); second)
- 名 (名; name; (measure word for persons); place (e.g. among winners))
- 畝 (亩; about one sixth of an acre)
- 盤 (盘; dish; tray; to build; to check; to examine; to transfer; (a measure word used for dishes of food or coils of wire); to coil)
- 批 (批; to ascertain; (measure word for batches, lots); to act on; to criticize; to pass on)
- 匹 (匹; (measure word for horses, mules, a bolt of cloth); ordinary person)
- 篇 (篇; sheet; piece of writing; (a measure word); chapter; article)
- 片 (片; a slice; piece; flake; thin; slice)
- 品脫 (品脱; pint)
- 瓶 (瓶; bottle; (a measure word); vase; pitcher)
- 平方公里 (平方公里; square kilometer)
- 平方米 (平方米; square meter)
- 兛 (兛; kilogram)
- 千克 (千克; kilogram)
- 竰 (竰; centiliter)
- 身 (身; body; torso; person; life; status; pregnancy; (a measure word used for clothes) suit)
- 聲 (声; sound; voice; (a measure word, used for sounds); tone; noise)
- 十克 (十克; decagram)
- 首 (首; head; chief; (a measure word, use with "poem"))
- 束 (束; bunch; (a measure word); to bind; to control)
- 雙 (双; two; double; pair; both)
- 艘 (艘; M for warships)
- 歲 (岁; year; years old; (a measure word))
- 所 (所; actually; place)
- 臺 (台; (broadcasting) station; (measure word); platform; stage; desk; station)
- 趟 (趟; a time; a trip; (measure word for round trips))
- 套 (套; to cover; covering; case; cover; (a measure word, a set of something); sheath)
- 條 (条; measure word for long, thin things (i.e. ribbon, river, etc.); a strip; item; article)
- 桶 (桶; pail; bucket; bin; barrel)
- 筒 (筒; tube; cylinder)
- 碗 (碗; bowl; cup)
- 位 (位; position; location; (measure word for persons); place; seat)
- 響 (响; to make a sound; to sound; to ring; (a measure word for sound); loud)
- 些 (些; some; few; several; (a measure word))
- 一下 (一下; (adj) one time; once; (adv) in a short time; suddenly; all at once)
- 英鎊 (英镑; pound sterling)
- 英尺 (英尺; (English) foot (unit of measurement))
- 英寸 (英寸; (English) inch)
- 英里 (英里; English mile)
- 英畝 (英亩; English acre)
- 元 (元; (dynasty); dollar; primary; first)
- 盞 (盏; (a measure word for lamps))
- 張 (张; (a measure word); (a surname); open up)
- 陣 (阵; disposition of troops; short period; wave; spate; burst; spell)
- 支 (支; (a measure word); to support; to sustain; to erect; to raise; branch; division; to draw money)
- 只 (只; (a measure word, for birds and some animals, etc.); single; only)
- 枝 (枝; branch; (a measure word))
- 隻 (只; M for one of a pair)
- 種 (种; kind; type; race (of people); seed; type)
- 株 (株; (a measure word, use with plants); trunk of tree)
- 座 (座; to sit; to take a seat; (a measure word for large objects such as mountains, bridges, buildings))
- 八 (八; eight; 8)
- 捌 (捌; complicated form of the numeral eight; split)
- 八十 (八十; eighty; 80)
- 百 (百; hundred)
- 百萬 (百万; million; millions)
- 半 (半; half; semi-; incomplete; (after a number) and a half; half)
- 多 (多; many; much; a lot of; numerous; multi-)
- 二 (二; two)
- 貳 (贰; two (fraud-proof))
- 二十 (二十; twenty; 20)
- 幾 (几; how much; how many; several; a few)
- 九 (九; nine; 9)
- 玖 (玖; (black stone); nine (fraud-proof))
- 九十 (九十; ninety)
- 兩 (两; both; two; ounce; some; a few; tael)
- 兩百 (两百; two hundred)
- 零 (零; remnant; zero)
- 六 (六; six)
- 陸 (陆; six (fraud-proof))
- 六十 (六十; sixty; 60)
- 七 (七; seven; 7)
- 柒 (柒; seven (fraud-proof))
- 七十 (七十; seventy; 70)
- 千 (千; thousand)
- 三 (三; three)
- [[Expression:叄 叁|]]; bank form of numeral 'three')
- 三百 (三百; three hundred)
- 三十 (三十; thirty; 30)
- 十 (十; ten)
- 拾 (拾; pick up; ten (fraud-proof))
- 十八 (十八; eighteen; 18)
- 十二 (十二; 12; twelve)
- 十九 (十九; nineteen)
- 十六 (十六; sixteen; 16)
- 十七 (十七; seventeen; 17)
- 十三 (十三; thirteen; 13)
- 十四 (十四; fourteen; 14)
- 十五 (十五; fifteen)
- 十一 (十一; eleven)
- 四 (四; four)
- 肆 (肆; four (fraud-proof); market)
- 四十 (四十; forty; 40)
- 五 (五; five; 5)
- 伍 (伍; associate with; five; company)
- 五十 (五十; fifty)
- 一 (一; one; single; a(n))
- 壹 (壹; one (alternate form of 一))
- 一萬 (一万; ten thousand)
- 億 (亿; a hundred million; calculate)
- 兆 (兆; omen; trillion)
- 秭 (秭; billion)
介词 / Preposition[edit]
- 把 (把; (a measure word); (marker for direct-object); to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of)
- 被 (被; by (marker for passive-voice sentences or clauses); quilt; blanket; to cover; to wear)
- 比 (比; (particle used for comparison and)
- 從 (从; lax; yielding; unhurried)
- 從 (从; from; obey; observe; follow)
- 給 (给; to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do something (for somebody); (passive particle))
- 關于 (关于; with regards to; about)
- 離 (离; to leave; to depart; to go away; from)
- 連 (连; (surname); even; as; join; to link; successively)
- 每 (每; each; every)
- 往 (往; to go (in a direction); past; previous; towards)
- 往 (往; toward; (of a train) bound for)
- 為 (为; because of; for; to)
- 向 (向; direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to)
- 在 (在; (located) at; in; exist)
问题 / Question[edit]
待颗粒 / Question Particle[edit]
- 嗎 (吗; question tag)
- 呢 (呢; question particle)
待代词 / Question Pronoun[edit]
- 多…哪 (多…哪; how…)
- 哪 (哪; which)
- 哪兒 (哪儿; where)
- 哪裡 (哪里; where; wherever)
- 哪 (哪; which (followed by M or Num))
- 誰 (谁; who)
- 什麽 (什么; what)
- 為什麽 (为什么; why; for what reason)
- 怎麼 (怎么; (interrogative pronoun); how (can it be that))
- 怎麼樣 (怎么样; how about; (used in the negative) (not) so good)
待字 / Question Word[edit]
- 多少 (多少; how much; how many; which (number))
- 幾 (几; how much; how many; several; a few)
- 怎麼辦 (怎么办; what's to be done)
- 半夜 (半夜; midnight; in the middle of the night)
- 本星期 (本星期; this week)
- 本月 (本月; this month; the current month)
- 多久 (多久; how long)
- 分鐘 (分钟; minute)
- 剛才 (刚才; (just) a moment ago)
- 後來 (后来; afterwards; later)
- 後年 (后年; the year after next)
- 後天 (后天; day after tomorrow; post-natal)
- 將來 (将来; (the) future)
- 今年 (今年; this year)
- 今天 (今天; today; at the present; now)
- 刻 (刻; quarter (hour); (a measure word); to carve; to engrave; to cut; oppressive)
- 兩星期 (两星期; fortnight)
- 每天 (每天; every day; everyday)
- 明年 (明年; next year)
- 明天 (明天; tomorrow)
- 平常 (平常; ordinary; common; usually; ordinarily)
- 前年 (前年; the year before last)
- 前天 (前天; the day before yesterday)
- 去年 (去年; last year)
- 上個月 (上个月; last month)
- 上個星期 (上个星期; last week)
- 上午 (上午; morning)
- 上星期 (上星期; last week; previous week)
- 上月 (上月; last month)
- 時間 (时间; time; period)
- 晚上 (晚上; in the evening)
- 下個月 (下个月; next month)
- 下個星期 (下个星期; next week)
- 下午 (下午; afternoon)
- 現在 (现在; modern; current; present; at present; now; nowadays)
- 小時 (小时; hour)
- 一刻鐘 (一刻钟; a quarter (of an hour)
- 以後 (以后; after; later; afterwards; following; later on; in the future)
- 以前 (以前; before; formerly; previous)
- 原來 (原来; original; former; originally; formerly; at first)
- 早上 (早上; early morning)
- 這個月 (这个月; this (current) month)
- 整天 (整天; all day long; all)
- 中午 (中午; noon; midday)
- 週末 (周末; weekend)
- 最近 (最近; recent; recently; soon)
- 昨天 (昨天; yesterday)
颗粒 / Particle[edit]
- Particles are part of a word that indicates special gramatical cases.
- 阿 (阿; an initial particle; prefix to names of people)
- 啊 (啊; (a modal particle showing affirmation, approval, or consent))
- 罷了 (罢了; a modal particle indicating (that's all, only, nothing much))
- 吧 (吧; (modal particle indicating polite suggestion); ...right?; ...OK?)
- 得 (得; obtain; get; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished)
- 地 (地; (subor. part. adverbial); -ly)
- 的 (的; (possessive particle); of)
- 過 (过; (past tense marker); to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to live; to get along; (surname))
- 啦 (啦; (an auxiliary word performing the grammatical functions of mood); fusion of le + a)
- 了 (了; (modal particle intensifying preceding clause); (past tense marker))
- 哪 (哪; (final part. preceded by N))
- 呀 (呀; (final part.))
- 著 (着; -ing (indicates an action in progress))
- 比較 (比较; compare; contrast; fairly; comparatively; relatively; quite; rather)
- 別 (别; leave; depart; separate; distinguish; classify; other; another; do not; must not; to pin)
- 別的 (别的; else; other)
- 不 (不; (negative prefix); not; no)
- 才 (才; ability; talent; endowment; gift; an expert; only (then); only if; just)
- 差不多 (差不多; almost, nearly)
- 差一點 (差一点; nearly, barely (implies thankfulness or regret))
- 常 (常; always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant)
- 常常 (常常; frequently; usually; often)
- 從來 (从来; always; at all times; never (if used in negative sentence))
- 大聲 (大声; loudly; loud)
- 當然 (当然; only natural; as it should be; certainly; of course; without doubt)
- 到處 (到处; in all places; everywhere)
- 都 (都; all; both (if two things are involved); entirely (due to)each; even; already)
- 多 (多; many; much; a lot of; numerous; multi-)
- 多半 (多半; chiefly; likelihood)
- 反而 (反而; instead; contrary (to expectations))
- 反復 (反复; repeatedly; over and over)
- 非常 (非常; unusual; extraordinary; extreme; very; exceptional)
- 趕緊 (赶紧; hurriedly)
- 趕快 (赶快; at once; immediately)
- 剛 (刚; hard; firm; strong; just; barely; exactly)
- 更 (更; more; even more; further; still; still more)
- 還 (还; also; in addition; more; still; else; still; yet; (not) yet)
- 還有 (还有; also, in addition)
- 好 (好; good; well)
- 很 (很; very; extremely)
- 基本 (基本; basic; fundamental; main)
- 基本上 (基本上; basically; on the whole)
- 幾乎 (几乎; almost; nearly; practically)
- 極 (极; extremely; pole (geog.; physics); utmost; top)
- 極/了 (极/了; extremely, utmost, top))
- 極了 (极了; extremely; exceedingly)
- 經常 (经常; everyday; day-to-day; frequently; regularly)
- 久 (久; (long) time; (long) duration of time)
- 就 (就; at once; then; right away; only; (emphasis); to approach; to move towards; to undertake)
- 肯定 (肯定; to be sure; to be certain; sure; certain; definite; to confirm; to affirm; affirmative)
- 恐怕 (恐怕; (I'm) afraid (that); perhaps; I think)
- 快 (快; fast; quick; swift)
- 老是 (老是; always)
- 馬上 (马上; at once; right away; immediately)
- 沒 (没; (negative prefix for verbs); have not; not)
- 那麼 (那么; so (much); like that; in that way)
- 難道 (难道; don't tell me ...; could it be that...?)
- 難怪 (难怪; (it's) no wonder (that...); (it's) not surprising (that))
- 難免 (难免; (adj) difficult to avoid or escape from)
- 偶爾 (偶尔; occasionally; once in a while)
- 平常 (平常; ordinary; common; usually; ordinarily)
- 其實 (其实; actually; that is not the case; in fact; really)
- 確實 (确实; indeed; really; reliable; real; true)
- 然後 (然后; after; then (afterwards); after that; afterwards)
- 稍微 (稍微; a little bit)
- 十分 (十分; fully; completely; very)
- 順便 (顺便; conveniently; in passing)
- 隨身 (随身; (carry) on one's person)
- 特別 (特别; especially; special; particular; unusual)
- 挺 (挺; be straight and stiff; rather (good))
- 完全 (完全; complete; whole; totally; entirely)
- 先 (先; early; prior; former; in advance; first)
- 也 (也; also; too)
- 也許 (也许; perhaps; maybe)
- 一定 (一定; surely; certainly; necessarily; fixed; a certain (extent, etc.); given; particular)
- 一共 (一共; altogether)
- 已經 (已经; already)
- 一般 (一般; same; ordinary; common; general)
- 一起 (一起; together)
- 一直 (一直; continuously; always; from the beginning of ... up to ...; all along)
- 又 (又; (once) again; also; both... and...; again)
- 再 (再; again; once more; re-; second; another)
- 早就 (早就; long ago; long since)
- 真 (真; real; true; genuine)
- 真的 (真的; really, truly)
- 正好 (正好; just (in time); just right; just enough; to happen to; to chance to; by chance; it just so happens that)
- 正在 (正在; in the process of (doing something or happening); while (doing))
- 只 (只; (a measure word, for birds and some animals, etc.); single; only)
- 只 (只; only; merely; just; but)
- 最 (最; (the) most; -est)
- 最好 (最好; best; (you) had better (do what we suggest))
- 最後 (最后; final; last; finally; ultimate))
一般国语文法条款 / General Mandarin Grammar Terms[edit]
又见 / See also[edit]